Human Venus Exploration Architecture Studies

Manned Venus Flyby Mission

Manned Venus Flyby Systems

During the Apollo program, a number of studies for manned Venus flyby missions were carried out based on Apollo/Saturn systems. Venus flyby missions have a total duration of ~1 year, and TVI (Trans-Venus Injection) and Earth entry requirements similar to human Mars missions.

• Preliminary considerations of Venus exploration via manned flyby, NASA-CR-91564 [1967]

• A survey of manned Mars and Venus flyby missions in the 1970's, NASA-CR-152882 [Bellcomm/Vanderveen 1966]

• Manned Venus flyby, NASA-CR-114025 [Bellcomm February 1967]

• Low-energy 1977 triple-planet flybys with an inherent abort option, NASA-CR-95564 [Bellcomm/Vanderveen 1968]

• Multiple planet flyby missions to Venus and Mars in 1975 to 1980 time period, NASA-TM-X-53511 [Young 1966]

• The existence of a 1981 triple-planet ballistic flyby, NASA-CR-154728 [1967]

Manned Venus Flyby Science Payloads/Systems

• Buoyant Venus station mission feasibility study for 1972 and 1973 launch opportunities. Volume 1 - Mission summary definition and comparison Final report, NASA-CR-66725-1 [1969]

• Buoyant Venus station mission feasibility study for 1972 and 1973 launch opportunities. Volume 2 - Trajectory analysis for 1972 and 1973 missions Final report, NASA-CR-66725-2 [1969]

Manned Venus Orbiting Mission

• Manned Venus orbiting mission, NASA-TM-X-52311 [Willis 1967]